//编译器：ICC-AVR v6.31A 日期: 2005-11-24 20:29:57 
//目标芯片 : M16 
//时钟: 8.0000Mhz 
/*------------------------------------------------------------- 
LCD引脚定义 
1---GND  
2---VCC 
3---VO 
4---RS 
5---RW 
6---EN 
7到14--D0-D7 
15--背景灯+ 
16--背景灯- 
-----------------------------------------------------------------*/ 
#include <iom16v.h> 
#include <macros.h> 

/*--------------------------------------------------------------- 
下面是AVR与LCD连接信息 
PA2 ->RS 
PA3 ->EN 
地  ->RW 
PA4 ->D4 
PA5 ->D5 
PA6 ->D6 
PA7 ->D7 
要使用本驱动，改变下面配置信息即可 
-----------------------------------------------------------------*/ 
#define LCD_EN_PORT    PORTA   //以下2个要设为同一个口 
#define LCD_EN_DDR     DDRA 
#define LCD_RS_PORT    PORTA   //以下2个要设为同一个口 
#define LCD_RS_DDR     DDRA 
#define LCD_DATA_PORT  PORTA   //以下3个要设为同一个口 
#define LCD_DATA_DDR   DDRA    //一定要用高4位 
#define LCD_DATA_PIN   PINA 
#define LCD_RS         (1<<PA2) //0x04   portA2       out 
#define LCD_EN         (1<<PA3) //0x08   portA3       out 
#define LCD_DATA       ((1<<PA4)|(1<<PA5)|(1<<PA6)|(1<<PA7)) //0xf0   portA4/5/6/7 out 
/*------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 
函数说明 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ 
void LCD_init(void); 
void LCD_en_write(void); 
void LCD_write_command(unsigned  char command) ; 
void LCD_write_data(unsigned char data); 
void LCD_set_xy (unsigned char x, unsigned char y); 
void LCD_write_string(unsigned char X,unsigned char Y,unsigned char *s); 
void LCD_write_char(unsigned char X,unsigned char Y,unsigned char data); 
void delay_nus(unsigned int n); 
void delay_nms(unsigned int n); 
============================================================================== 

#include "LCD.h" 

void LCD_init(void)         //液晶初始化 
{ 
  LCD_DATA_DDR|=LCD_DATA;   //数据口方向为输出 
  LCD_EN_DDR|=LCD_EN;       //设置EN方向为输出 
  LCD_RS_DDR|=LCD_RS;       //设置RS方向为输出 
  LCD_write_command(0x28);  
  LCD_en_write(); 
  delay_nus(40); 
  LCD_write_command(0x28);  //4位显示 
  LCD_write_command(0x0c);  //显示开 
  LCD_write_command(0x01);  //清屏 
  delay_nms(2); 
} 

void LCD_en_write(void)  //液晶使能 
{ 
  LCD_EN_PORT|=LCD_EN; 
  delay_nus(1); 
  LCD_EN_PORT&=~LCD_EN; 
} 

void LCD_write_command(unsigned char command) //写指令 
{ 
  delay_nus(16); 
  LCD_RS_PORT&=~LCD_RS;        //RS=0 
  LCD_DATA_PORT&=0X0f;         //清高四位 
  LCD_DATA_PORT|=command&0xf0; //写高四位 
  LCD_en_write(); 
  command=command<<4;          //低四位移到高四位 
  LCD_DATA_PORT&=0x0f;         //清高四位 
  LCD_DATA_PORT|=command&0xf0; //写低四位 
  LCD_en_write(); 
   
} 

void LCD_write_data(unsigned char data) //写数据 
{ 
  delay_nus(16); 
  LCD_RS_PORT|=LCD_RS;       //RS=1 
  LCD_DATA_PORT&=0X0f;       //清高四位 
  LCD_DATA_PORT|=data&0xf0;  //写高四位 
  LCD_en_write(); 
  data=data<<4;               //低四位移到高四位 
  LCD_DATA_PORT&=0X0f;        //清高四位 
  LCD_DATA_PORT|=data&0xf0;   //写低四位 
  LCD_en_write(); 
} 

void LCD_set_xy( unsigned char x, unsigned char y )  //写地址函数 
{ 
    unsigned char address; 
    if (y == 0) address = 0x80 + x; 
    else   address = 0xc0 + x; 
    LCD_write_command( address); 
} 
   
void LCD_write_string(unsigned char X,unsigned char Y,unsigned char *s) //列x=0~15,行y=0,1 
{ 
    LCD_set_xy( X, Y ); //写地址     
    while (*s)  // 写显示字符 
    { 
      LCD_write_data( *s ); 
      s ++; 
    } 
       
} 

void LCD_write_char(unsigned char X,unsigned char Y,unsigned char data) //列x=0~15,行y=0,1 
{ 
  LCD_set_xy( X, Y ); //写地址 
  LCD_write_data( data); 
   
} 
======================================================================= 

void delay_1us(void)                 //1us延时函数 
  { 
   asm("nop"); 
  } 

void delay_nus(unsigned int n)       //N us延时函数 
  { 
   unsigned int i=0; 
   for (i=0;i<n;i++) 
   delay_1us(); 
  } 
   
void delay_1ms(void)                 //1ms延时函数 
  { 
   unsigned int i; 
   for (i=0;i<1140;i++); 
  } 
   
void delay_nms(unsigned int n)       //N ms延时函数 
  { 
   unsigned int i=0; 
   for (i=0;i<n;i++) 
   delay_1ms(); 
  } 

========================================================================= 
#include "LCD.h" 

void init_devices(void) 
{ 
  CLI(); //disable all interrupts 
  LCD_init(); 
  MCUCR = 0x00; 
  GICR  = 0x00; 
  TIMSK = 0x00; //timer interrupt sources 
  SEI(); //re-enable interrupts 
} 

void main(void) 
{ 
   init_devices(); 
   LCD_write_string(1,0,"Hi!!"); 
   for(;;) 
   { 
   LCD_write_string(0,1,"archeng504"); 
   LCD_write_char(6,0,’8’);    
   } 
  
} 

=======以下是显示自定义字符的程序=============

1602中还可以自定义8个字符图案 
图案规格5*8 
下面是一个向上的箭头↑ 
0 0 0| 0 0 1 0 0   // 0x04 
     | 
0 0 0| 0 1 1 1 0   // 0x0e 
     | 
0 0 0| 1 0 1 0 1   // 0x15 
     | 
0 0 0| 0 0 1 0 0   // 0x04 
     | 
0 0 0| 0 0 1 0 0   // 0x04 
     | 
0 0 0| 0 0 1 0 0    //0x04 
     | 
0 0 0| 0 0 1 0 0   // 0x04 
     | 
0 0 0| 0 0 0 0 0   // 0x00 

unsigned char data[8]={0x04,0x0e,0x15,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x00};//↑ 
unsigned char data1[8]={0x04,0x04,0x04,0x04,0x15,0x0e,0x04,0x00};//↓ 

void my_signs(unsigned char ascii,unsigned char *z)//0x00 
{ 
  unsigned char address=0,i,temp=0;     //ascii为与要定义的图案对应的ascii码值（0x00到 
  temp=(ascii&0x07)<<3;                //0x007间任选） 
   for(i=0;i<8;i++) 
   {   
      address = 0x40 +temp+ i; 
      LCD_write_command( address ); 
      delay_nus(1); 
      LCD_write_data ( *(z++)); 
      delay_nus(1); 
   } 
} 

//建立图案 
void LCD_init(void)       //液晶初始化 
{ 
 LCD_DATA_DDR|=LCD_DATA;   // 数据为输出 
 LCD_EN_DDR|=LCD_EN;   //设置RS.EN方向 
 LCD_RS_DDR|=LCD_RS; 
 LCD_write_command(0x28);  //4位显示  
 LCD_en_write();  
 delay_nms(15); 
 LCD_write_command(0x28);  //4位显示 
 LCD_write_command(0x0c);  //显示开  
 my_signs(0x00,data);//↑  //建立图案 
 my_signs(0x01,data1);//↓ 
 LCD_write_command(0x01);  //清屏 
} 

显示自定义图案 
LCD_write_char(9,0,0x00);//↑ 
LCD_write_char(9,0,0x01);//↓